Mass Media s Influence On Body Image - 1414 Words

Mass Media’s Influence on Body Image Over the years a debate over who is to blame over the decline in how girls perceive themselves has arisen. With Photoshop being the societal norm concerning the media, it has become difficult for many to understand where the line between real and near impossible standards lies. Youths see an image edited to â€Å"perfection† and strive to reach the standards that they imagine due to the images displayed on magazines, television and social media. From Disney to magazines like Vogue the mass media bombards audiences with fake beauty that they, as normal people, will never be able to achieve. The mass media is responsible for causing the rise in the number of people with a poor body image, eating disorders, and cosmetic surgeries. From very early childhood young boys and girls are showered with the idea of â€Å"thin is beautiful†. Disney has been a household name for decades, and the company’s animated movies are treasured around the world. However, every princess depicted by Disney has a slim frame; but, that is not the only problem, their already slim appearance along with the even thinner waistline and virtually no curves provide children a glimpse of the impossible standards that will be seen repeatedly into their adult lives. The company prides itself on having strong, passionate princesses to show girls that anyone can be strong. Nonetheless, Disney does nothing to assist girls feel like the princesses shown in their movies. It appears thatShow MoreRelatedThe Influences Of Mass Media On Society864 Words   |  4 PagesThe Influences of Mass Media on Society For the greater majority of the American society, the presence of mass media is a normal part of everyday lives. With the purpose of mass media being to educate, entertain and inform, the excessive violence, self imaging, and lack of full detail on world events, is having negative influences and unhealthy impacts on society. As early as the 1920s, a form of the media has been present in the American society. Although broadcasted content wasRead MoreTodays Unrealistic Body Expectations1311 Words   |  5 Pagesmeasures, most of the time, spending countless hours in the gym trying to achieve that perfect body. Body image is evident in the gym, as the men are lifting weights they are frequently looking in the mirror examining every angle of their body making sure no area is lacking muscle. On the other hand, women tend to partake in the same behavior as men, showing a sense of insecurity about their own bodies, frequently making trips to the scale to keep track of their weight making sure to stay slim andRead MoreMass Media s Influence On Society962 Words   |  4 PagesOver the years mass media has become more available and favored by society through avenues such as magazines, television, newspapers, print ads, internet, and including social media. According to U.S. Census Bureau (2007), individuals spend nearly a total of 3,518 hours of their time on mass media outlets. Mass media has b ecome widely popular among individuals, in particularly young adults.73% of U.S adults aged 18–29, have been reported regularly visit at least one of these outlet, and 42% use moreRead MoreInfluence of American Mass Media Ideals on Body Image and Eating Disorders in the U.S1243 Words   |  5 PagesMass media have an enormous impact on society and how people act, especially in developed countries. How do mass media influence views of body image and the development of eating disorders? People living in countries influenced by Western culture show concern for their appearance or dietary habits daily. This paper will analyze the effect of mass media on the issues of body image and eating disorders in the United States. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TRRead MoreMass Media Such As Television, Newspapers, And Internet1457 Words   |  6 PagesMass media such as television, newspapers, and internet are the center of the public s communication and entertainment. Society relies heavily on mass media for their news, education, entertainment, and their socialization. It can inspire, persuade, and change the behavior of the audience depending on the objective. The public is often misinformed and uninformed by media outlets to control the information that reaches the public. As technology continues to grow, access to mass media continues toRead MoreMedia Effects Body Image1656 Words   |  7 PagesApril 6, 2014 The Effects of Mass Media on African American Women Body Images Over the past 10 years, mass media and the access to social networks has evolved substantially causing the effects of negative self-image and what is considered beautiful. Body image expectations for both African-American male and female share the battles of society’s expectations, yet African American women body images come with a stricter and more unhealthy stigma; growth of social media such as Facebook, Instagram andRead MoreBeauty: Human Physical Appearance and Women1306 Words   |  6 Pagesthat looks shouldn’t matter, but in the real world, they do. Women try so hard to look their best, and at the same time, feel their best. Women struggle a lot in trying to â€Å"fit in† to what society sees as being beautiful. Women nowadays alter their body parts, faces, and their diets in order to feel satisfied with themselves. A universal obsession that girls have been approaching with is that that they must be required to look a certain way to be thought of as pretty. Girls look up to celebritiesRead MoreThe Impact Of Mass Media On Body Image1255 Words   |  6 Pagesother health related images and videos on social media, online magazines/blogs, and mass media in general. Mass media has caused an enormous amount of controversy within the last few years concerning body image and what is politically correct. However, mass media’s impact on health can be beneficial if it is used the correct way. The social media aspect of mass media has become something that is involved in most people’s everyday lives; and it’s not going away anytime soon. Mass media posts need to beRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Body Image1538 Words   |  7 Pagesthe concept of body image is influenced by external factors as culture, society norms, especially with the development of modern social media, it has gro wn up to be an important element in affecting the perception of body image to shape the body image. The influence of mass media may be related to the social comparison process of appearance in female and male. The ideal media body image, it is easy to compare in everyday life, and that will result to dissatisfaction with people s body size. On theRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Society s Actions, Personalities, And Beliefs Essay1476 Words   |  6 PagesComposition Per. 3 November 19 2015 Media in Our World The media today is one of the greatest influences on society’s actions, personalities, and beliefs. The Society conducts their lives to the point where they are just living a life that media has created for them. Sometimes this influence is taken into consideration to deeply and starts to harm society. The image of a woman in today’s society as portrayed by the media are one that is almost artificial. Mass media have come to develop this idea that

Cathedral - 684 Words

Cathedral It is an ongoing problem that people are narrow-minded and have preconceptions. It does no one good and is an obstacle in your everyday life. By closing your eyes, the other senses, like feeling, hearing and smelling, tune in and take over. A lot can be learned from these senses and new truths can be unrevealed. In the short story Cathedral, the main character stops his prejudices and sees a new truth. The short story Cathedral takes place in the 1990s in a married couple’s house in New York, America. The narrator of the story is the husband. The short story is told as from a first persons point of view. The narrator introduces both his wife and their guest, the blind man. The only information we get about the husband comes†¦show more content†¦While the narrator draws, Robert puts his hands on the narrator’s and asks him to close his eyes and keep on drawing. The narrator sees this experience as an epiphany. It is described as an almost religious out of body experience. Robert â€Å"makes the narrator see† by making him close his eyes. When the husband closes his eyes his other senses take over and he is able to see everything clear. The title â€Å"Cathedral† can be looked at in two ways. The most obvious one is referring to the television show about medieval churches and cathedrals and the drawing the narrator draws to and with Robert. There is a more figurative way of looking at it. A cathedral is a religious building and in the story you can say that the narrator gets an almost spiritual out of body experience. What Raymond Carver tries to tell us with this short story is that we should not be like the narrator. Nothing good comes from prejudice and preconceptions. You should rather keep an open mind and conclude from things you experience or see rather than conclude from things you expect or think. At the end of the story the narrator learns this and a whole new world opens to him. The blind man helped him learn to see. Through the story the relationship between Robert and the narrator evolves. The relationship goes from being shallow and almost non-existing to understanding and friendly. Robert teaches the narrator a very valuable lesson thatShow MoreRelatedThe Cathedral Of Canterbury Cathedral1209 Words   |  5 PagesThe word Cathedral is a Latin word for chair â€Å"Cathedra† which was taken from the Greek ‘Kathedra’ meaning seat. The Canterbury Cathedral is located in England, United Kingdom. The Cathedral is one of the most famous and oldest Christian structures in England. 597 AD was the founding of Canterbury Cathedral. The cathedral’s physical context is located in a sprawl area meaning there is low density residential, there are many other attractions around such as the theatre,hotel and museum. Saint AugustineRead MoreAnalysis Of Cathedral By Raymond Carver1541 Words   |  7 PagesA New Perspective Everyone at one point has judged a book by its cover. In the short story, â€Å"Cathedral†, Raymond Carver creates a narrator who bases off ideas and assumptions about blind people from movies. The narrator has never interacted with a blind person before the day where his wife invites her friend, who is named Robert, to stay. The narrator and Robert have never met, but the narrator has a strong dislike towards Robert before meeting. The narrator’s closed-mindedness and misconceptionsRead MoreCathedral As A Central Catholic Church1122 Words   |  5 PagesCathedral is a central Catholic church. Differences between cathedrals and churches are that cathedrals are the seat of the bishop and a centre of worship and mission. (The Association of English Cathedrals) Because it s a central of Catholic churches, all the Catholic churches around a cathedral receives order and worship services from it. Cathedrals are known for central position in Catholic, but what we have to fo cus is beauty of their art of structures and art of symbolism. There are many CatholicRead MoreEssay on The Cathedral by Raymond Carver980 Words   |  4 PagesCathedral is a short story ultimately about enlightment, finding something more meaningful and deeper with in one self. Although from an observing point of view nothing more in the story happens then a blind man assisting the narrator in drawing a cathedral. Although as known, the narrators experience radically differs from what is actually observed. He is enlightened and opened up to a new world of vision and imagination. This brief experience will have a life long effect on him. The reasonRead MoreT.S.Eliot Murder in the Cathedral1975 Words   |  8 PagesT.S. Eliots Murder in the Cathedral tells the story of Thomas Beckett, a man who reigned as Archbishop of Canterbury during the 12th century in England until his death in 1170. In order to tell Becketts story, Eliot creates a series of equally interesting characters that each play a crucial role thought the play. The most unique rolefound within the play is the Women ofCanterbury, or the Chorus. Throughout the piece, the Chorus delivers seven choral odes. These choral odes, when looked at as aRead MoreLooking Beyond the Surface at Raymond Carvers Cathedral660 Words   |  3 PagesIt seems in life that we often look at things without really seeing them. Raymond Carver demonstrates in â€Å"Cathedral† that looking is associated to physical vision, but seeing involves a deeper level of commitment. The author is making the point when you put yourself into someone elses shoes and allow yourself to see things the way they see them, it can be the most rewarding and eye opening experience. During the exposition, the narrator shows that he has no problems with eyesight and he is capableRead MoreDurham Cathedral Essay854 Words   |  4 PagesDurham Cathedral Durham Cathedral is one of the oldest examples of Romanesque architecture present in England today. Although the cathedral was completed in the early 12th century there are signs of Gothic architecture present due to the close relation of Romanesque and Gothic styles. In Robert Scotts book The Gothic Enterprise he discusses how the early Gothic style pulled heavily from the Romanesque style of architecture and built upon its basic themes. Durham Cathedrals extensive historyRead MoreThe Canterbury Cathedral Essay2561 Words   |  11 PagesThe Canterbury Cathedral For at least fourteen hundred years the worship of God has been offered on the site of this Cathedral, and through the prayers of the Church his power and grace have shaped human lives. Ever since the murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket in the Cathedral in 1170, Canterbury has attracted thousands of pilgrims. This tradition continues to this day, and a large team of Welcomers, Guides, Cathedral Assistants and Chaplains are there to give all visitors a warm welcomeRead MoreAnalysis Milan Cathedral, Italy Essay751 Words   |  4 Pagesthe middle of Milan, Italy in the Piazzo del Duomo is Milan Cathedral, the largest Gothic cathedral and the second largest Catholic cathedral in the world. The exterior and interior appearances are aw-inspiring, commanding respect in our modern day time period and long ago during the time periods in which the Milan Cathedral was constructed. The cathedral also earned respect by being the center for community functions. The Milan Cathedral has outer height of 215 ft and a maximum width of 302 ft allowingRead MoreSt. Paul s Cathedral1104 Words   |  5 PagesSt. Paul’s Cathedral is an English Baroque styled cathedral dedicated to Paul of Apostle and the second cathedral to be built on the same site, first being Old St. Paul’s Cathedral which was also dedicated to Paul of Apostle. It is located in the City of London, England. The Fourth St. Paul’s, more commonly known as Old St. Paul’s Cathedral, was built by the Normans in 1087. The Normans, who in recent times had just conquered Britain, and were determined to build the largest Christian church in

The opening scene of Act Two marks the dramatic turning point of the play A View from the Bridge Essay Example For Students

The opening scene of Act Two marks the dramatic turning point of the play A View from the Bridge Essay The opening scene of Act Two marks the dramatic turning point of the play. In this scene, Catherine confronts Rodolfo over Eddies allegation that Rodolfo only wants to marry Catherine to be an American. However it is soon revealed that Rodolfo truly loves her. The two characters sleep together for the first time, a fact that Eddie finds out when he returns home drunk, which results in a devastating confrontation between the central characters. The seriousness and the intense emotions displayed in this scene, plus Arthur Millers use of dramatic devices, make this scene very dramatically effective. It is a turning point in the play because it is the first time Catherine and Rodolfo sleep together, symbolising Catherines transformation from a little girl to a grown woman; and Catherines ties with Eddie have finally cut as she chooses Rodolfo over Eddie. In this scene, Eddie also confronts his feelings towards Catherine as he kisses her in a fit of rage, passion and desire. This scene opens up with Alfieris narration. He tells the audience that Catherine and Rodolfo are alone in the apartment for the first time. The fact that they are alone suggests something is going to happen and sets the scene and create tension because the two characters are alone in a cramped flat without anyone to interfere and no other witnesses except the audience. The cramped apartment is dramatic device which is more obvious on stage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the dining room is the focus of the actions, the small, claustrophobic space increases tension between the characters. The character of Alfieri serves two functions. In the play, Alfieri is the narrator, who tells the audience the story of Eddie Carbone in flashbacks, and therefore constantly reminds the readers of the tragedy that is yet to come. However he also acts as an actual character in the play à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the role of the wise lawyer, whom Eddie seeks advice from. A narrator is a typical dramatic device used often in plays, dating back to Greek tragedy, which is the style this play is written in. Catherine asks Rodolfo is he is hungry, instead he replies not for anything to eat. This suggests Rodolfos desire for Catherine and further emphasis what might happen now they are alone together. This makes the audience wonder and curious, about Rodolfo and Catherine, and also about Eddies reaction when he finds out. Catherine starts to ask Rodolfo a series of questions about the options of the two of them living in Italy. At first Rodolfo thinks Catherine is joking as he is smiling, as he does not know the real question Catherine is asking him. However, we as the audience understand she is testing him to see if he only wants to marry her to be an American. This is an example of dramatic irony which Miller uses to create tension and suspense as the audience wonder how Rodolfo is going to react and whether he will figure out Catherines true intention. We are  also kept in suspense as we wait to see if Rodolfo really loves Catherine. As Rodolfo realises Catherines seriousness, stage directions describes that his smile vanishes and he is astonished at Catherines request and he walks to her slowly. From here, it is clear that Rodolfo recognizes something is wrong and the tension is heightened as his previous joking mood has gone and is moving onto a more unpleasant topic. Rodolfo tries to persuade Catherine by commenting Italy as having no money, no business and nothing and though Italy is beautiful, you cant cook the view. This quote shows Rodolfos maturity and his understanding of reality and that he is not blinded by a mere pretty surface. As Catherine continues to pursue the idea of living in Italy, Rodolfo becomes increasingly frustrated: Theres nothing! Nothing, nothing, nothing. We see the characters are more emotionally charged as the argument continues; Rodolfo becomes more angry and irritable as the tension builds up, and the audience tense up as the calmer atmosphere is now disturbed by something more exciting. Finally, Catherine confesses she is afraid of Eddie here. This is the first time she admits her fear of Eddie and his actions to the audience, which marks another turning point of the play à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" she no longer sees Eddie as a non-threatening, kind man she thought he is. There is a slight pause after Catherines admission. This creates tension and allows time for Catherines confession and is a hint to the impending tragedy sink in. However, even after this, Catherine persists with her questioning, which eventually leads to Rodolfos realisation: This is your question or his question? Therefore the penny drops as the truth comes out. From this point on, the characters confront their true feelings and give the audience further insight into the characters inner emotions. This quote also shows that Rodolfo is not the naÃÆ' ¯ve, innocent boy portrayed and seen by other earlier in the play à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" he is quite witty and intelligent and knows when something is going on. What role do competing political interests play in EssayThere is a pause as Eddie let the revelation to sink in. the pause creates suspense as the audience wait for his catastrophic reaction. Instead, however, Eddie just tells Rodolfo to get outa here. A simple, short command without any explanation or discussion. This amplify the uneasiness in the atmosphere as his reaction seems strangely still to the awful knowledge he just learned, the audience are surprised by this and wonder what will happen next. Eddie grabs her arm as Catherine starts to go. This is the start and a hint to the conflict that is yet to come. Catherine starts to go. Catherine is trembling with fright, shows that she is really scared. She frees her arm, suggests that she is standing up to Eddie finally. She speaks in short sentences, creating a fast pace and urgency atmosphere. Eddie tries to regain the control of the situation by commanding Catherine: You aint going anywheres. He desperately tries to make Catherine stay by use the last bit of his power to control her. When Catherine disobeys, he draws her to him and kisses her on the mouth as Eddie finally confronts his desire and feeling for Catherine. The kiss suggests there is something of a sexual desire in Eddies feelings, not just the simple possessiveness some fathers have of their daughters. Eddie asks Rodolfo what he is gonna be, thus challenging him, with Catherine as the winners price. Rodolfo squares up to Eddie and accept the challenge with tears of rage, suggesting his ego has been bruised badly. He flies at him in attack, which shows Rodolfos extreme rage at the fact Eddie has just kissed Catherine and his challenge of his manliness. However, Eddie humiliates him further as he pins his arms, laughing, and suddenly kisses him. This kiss is very sudden and unpredicted, so it is very shocking for the audience and we are incredulous at Eddies actions. This kiss is a very extreme action and we slowly realise that it is used to humiliate Rodolfo, questioning his manliness and an attempt Eddie makes to confirm his suspicion of Rodolfos sexuality. Catherine tears at Eddies face, while Eddie stands there with tears rolling. This is the point where Eddie realises he has lost  and this is the point where he realises Catherine is gone from him. The audience sympathises with him because we know he truly loves Catherine and he has just lost everything he holds dear. However, he still tries to gain the control of the situation and he and Rodolfo are almost frozen with anger: They are like animals that have torn at one another and broken up without a decision, each other waiting for others mood This description compare Rodolfo and Eddie as animals, suggest something dark, terrifying and primal in the situation, which makes the audience feel uneasy and uncomfortable. When Eddie breaks the silence, he tells Rodolfo to get out and tells him to watch your step, submarine. Submarine is slang for an illegal immigrant. This is a warning to Rodolfo and a hint to what is going to happen. From this point on, it is clear to the audience that tragedy is inevitable because it seems that Eddie will go as far as to betray his family and report the brothers to the Immigration Bureau. We also know that if Eddie does do that, the consequence will be devastating, as foreshadowed by the Vinny Bolzano story from the very earlier on of the play. Eddie ends this act with a dreadful warning, which create suspense as to what he is going to do and grabs the audiences attention as we wait to see his next actions even though we already suspect what he is going to do. In conclusion, the opening scene of Act Two is one of the most important and dramatic points of the play. Throughout the first act, Arthur Miller tells us of Rodolfo and Marcos arrival and sets up the steps leading to the plays climax ending. In Act One, the audience see the growth of Eddies paranoia and jealousy, slowly accumulating to his final outburst. The incident in this scene: Rodolfo and Catherine sleeping together is the final push that sends Eddie over the edge and promote him to report the cousin to the Immigration Bureau. It is in this scene Eddies patience runs out and in this scene he realises he has lost Catherine to Rodolfo. He confronts his feelings by kissing Catherine and humiliates Rodolfo with the shocking kiss. This scene is full of emotions which are displayed vividly to the audience through the characters actions and speech. The emotions grab the audience attention because we care about the characters and curious about what is going to happen.

What is your favorite word, and why free essay sample

What is your favorite word, and why? It was a word that we loved as children, a word that fluctuates between good and bad in our adolescent years, and a word that we will love some day, once again. It’s astounding how one short word that is often said without thought can be part of us throughout our entire lives, and this is why â€Å"pretend† is one of my favorite words. This simple, six-letter word brings back childhood memories of my closest cousins and me. We used this word as a noun quite often. It was one of our favorite and also one of the only games that we took part in. Every time that we visited each other, we played Pretend. Pretending that we were rescuing animals off of our blue bunk bed ship. Pretending that he was Tarzan and I was Jane. Pretending that the pool Polaris was an angry, monstrous shark. We will write a custom essay sample on What is your favorite word, and why? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When asked what we had done all day, our reply would start off as, â€Å"We played Pretend a lot! We pretended that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and then we would proceed to tell the poor, innocent questioner of all our adventures of that day. Although â€Å"pretend† is often limited to a word used solely by imaginative children, it doesn’t leave our vocabulary as we grow into our teenage years. We prefer to use it in different contexts. Instead of â€Å"playing pretend†, we now pretend that we like her shirt. We pretend that we don’t care. We pretend that everything is fine, and we pretend that we really do know what we’re talking about (because teenagers know everything). Pretending becomes a verb. It becomes a way to hide things, a way to fit in. A way to be somebody who we’re not. Even when I’m grown and have a family of my own this word will still be with me. I’ll turn it back into a noun and I’ll, once again, play Pretend with my own creative children. We’ll pretend that we are Cowboys and Indians. We’ll pretend that we’re lost in the jungle. They’ll probably pretend that it’s not bedtime†¦but, maybe, I’ll pretend, just as my mother did, that I simply lost track of time. As my future family grows, this word will grow with them. I will have the privilege of watching as they carry this word throughout their awkward years and then through to their own families. Then they’ll realize, just as I do now, that pretending is a way of life. It is a cycle. It has neither beginning nor ending but is a continual, rolling wheel. This cycle does not stop its many revolutions until we reach a stand still. Until the day that we pretend to sleep – forever.

Hip Hop Influence free essay sample

Most people listen to music every day. Since Hip-Hops explosion into mainstream American music in the 1 sass critics originally thought it to be a fad and would soon disappear as fast as it came, they couldnt be more wrong. Hip-Hops roots in the poor African American neighborhoods reflected the pain and struggle of the black people. There is no doubt that there was a disproportionate amount of crime, drug use, and poverty witnessed daily by the original founders of hip-hop. So It was obvious that the lyrics of rap songs would reflect their environment.The opposition did not understand where these lyrics were coming from. They could not wrap their minds around what they were hearing because they did not live In those types of environments or have a clue to the struggle of the everyday black person (Price). Hip-hop artists tend to combine other genres of music with rap and hip-hop to create unique styles of music. We will write a custom essay sample on Hip Hop Influence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This ability to fuse urban elements of music with more accepted mainstream genres served as a cliche to expand the fan base of hip-hop at the same time making hip-hop one of the most diverse genres of music today.Each hip-hop artist contributes to creating a flow that continues to help hip-hop evolve. Hip-Hop has change over the years. The underground and mainstream dichotomy has become a major part of its growth. More artist and new styles of music have been created. People should consider listening to hip-hop and get the unadulterated message that It is trying to deliver. Not all hip-hop music has negative connotations. (Harrison) Works Cited Harrison, Anthony Shame.Hip Hop underground : The Integrity and Ethics of Racial Identification. Temple University Press, 2009. EBook. Price, Emmett George. Hip Hop culture. BBC-CLIO, 2006. EBook. Vera, Been. Clutch. 13 September 2010. Article. 01 February 2013. ;http://www. Culminations. Com/2010/09/its-all-hip-hops-fault/ Hip Hop Influence By Catharsiss There are many different genres of music available to listen to. Hip-Hop music has gotten a bad rap from the beginning, no pun intended.Good music should evoke mom of the lyrics may be raunchy and even destructive, however Just like a motion Hip-Hops explosion into mainstream American music in the asses critics originally original founders of hip-hop. So it was obvious that the lyrics of rap songs would because they did not live in those types of environments or have a clue to the listening to hip-hop and get the unadulterated message that it is trying to deliver. Harrison, Anthony Shame. Hip Hop Underground.

History of Slavery

History of Slavery Free Online Research Papers Slavery in the United States began with the African slave trade. At the end of the 14th century, Africans were taken to Europe without consent and used as servants for the rich. The Europeans claimed that the servants would have better chances of becoming Christians this way. The Spanish and the Portuguese also took natives from Africa as slaves. Eventually, the chiefs over these Africans began to barter with the people who were taking the people as slaves. Forts were set up along the coastline to hold the slaves until the slave ships came. Some of the slaves were people that had been captured in tribal battles. The demand for slaves was becoming very high, and people were willing to take desperate and violent measures to get them. Soon after America had been founded, a court ruled that slavery was acceptable. Even from the beginnings of slavery in the United States, slavery was more popular in the South rather than the North. This is because the South was an agricultural land. Families needed the slaves to help on the farms where much manual labor is needed. The north did not need slaves as much because they were industrial. The only places in the north for slaves were within homes of the northerners, so there was not such a high demand for them there. Ninety-five percent of the slave population was in the southern states as opposed to the 1% population in the north. Slaves were not only owned by whites, but also by Native Americans and even free African Americans. The wealth of the United States increased greatly because of all the free labor provided by the slaves. Productivity was at its best, and the Americans were doing the least of the work yet making all of the profits. About 12 million slaves were shipped to the Americas within the 17th and 19th centuries. By the time the Civil War was about to begin, there were around 4 million slaves in the United States. The means by which the slaves were brought to the Americas was disturbing and unnerving. Since profit was the number one priority of the traders, they attempted to fit as many slaves into one ship as they possibly could. A slave ship named â€Å"The Brookes† was made to hold 451 people at the most. This ship was found out to have carried 600 people. On the ship, the slaves were tightly seated and chained at their hands and feet. These journeys were long, and many slaves remained crippled for being chained up for so long. The death rate of slaves on the ships was fifty percent. Because there were so many of them and they were in such close quarters with one another for so long, disease became an issue. The conditions of travelling in the ships were the absolute worst. Some slaves slowly ki lled themselves by not eating. Slaves were bought in Africa for around $25 and sold in the states for $150. When slavery became illegal, the prices augmented greatly. Even though the death rate of the slaves on board the ships was so high, the traders could always make a high profit. Slave markets were built as location to purchase slaves. Locations of slave markets were New Orleans, Philadelphia, Charleston, and Richmond. Slavery receives its negative connotation from the mistreatment of the slaves by their masters. The slave owners became very greedy after their profits began to increase due to the free labor and higher productivity. The slaves were under a great deal of strain to work hard to make more money for their masters. If the work of a slave was less than desirable, they were harshly punished. The most widely-known form of punishment was being whipped. Slaves were whipped brutally, sometimes in front of large crowds of other slaves in order to serve as an example to the rest. Some masters tortured their slaves and even branded them like cattle, most times on their faces. Most slave-owning homes had twenty or fewer slaves, but the plantations with a large number of slaves, such as 100, had to have someone watching after the slaves to be sure they were all doing their jobs. This person was known as an overseer. The overseer was under much pressure from the plantation owners to make sure the slaves were performing at their best in order to increase productivity. The harsh punishments carried out by the overseers led to death at times. Thirty percent of slaves died within a four year period because of such ruthless treatment. Slaves worked from sunrise to sunset. Most work days lasted 18 hours. Men and women alike worked the same amount of time. Pregnant women were expected to work as well, all the way up until the day of their child’s birth. They were then given a month after delivery to recover. After that month, the child was carried on the mothers back while the mother worked in the fields. Children were expected to work by the time they were five years old. Slave owners advocated reproduction among the slaves in order to have even more workers to help. Some slave owners promised freedom to women after they had a certain amount children. Women were expected to start having children at around 13 years old, and they were expected to have nearly 5 children by the time they were twenty. Sometimes, the slave owner or one of his white friends would father the children of slave women. The children that were half black and half white were called â€Å"mulattoes.† If a white man raped a black woman, it was not considered a crime. The plantation systems came about from the division of land and private ownership of that land. The major crops grown on these lands were cotton, tobacco, rice, and sugar cane. These crops required a great deal of manual labor, and that is why slaves were so greatly demanded in the agricultural southern states. Because the conditions on the plantation for the slaves were less than desirable, there was always an issue of slaves trying to escape. Running away was an issue that had to be thought through thoroughly before carried out. Runaways were unsuccessful more often than not. Most slaves were hesitant to run away because they did not want to leave their families behind. If the slave made a successful getaway, there was always a risk that the runaway’s closest family member would be punished brutally. Most slaves were found, and when they were brought back to the plantation they were beaten. The accounts of a slave named Moses Roper received 200 lashes from the master with the whip. The master would not have stopped at that number if it had not been for his wife begging him to stop. Most runaways were younger men slaves. According to records, most slaves that attempted to run away were field slaves rather than house slaves. The Underground Railroad was organized in order to help slaves escape to freedom. About 50,000 slaves were taken to safety through this escape method. Eventually, slave owners got Congress to pass a law that fined $1000 to any marshal who did not arrest runaway slaves and to any home that housed or fed runaway slaves. House slaves were in better condition than slaves that worked in the fields. They usually had less physically demanding jobs and better food. Slaves that worked inside usually got to sleep inside and became friends with the family. Some women tried to educate the slave children even though it was illegal. Some slaves that were valued in the home were promised freedom when their masters died, but this promise was rarely kept. Slaves were rationed a certain amount of food every month or a small patch of land where the slaves could grow their own food. The slaves were given clothes every year. Their wardrobe consisted only of a couple of shirts and a couple of pairs of pants. If the clothes did not last, they went naked until the next allowance of clothing was given out. Slaves living in the house were often given the clothing that the family members no longer wore. Marriage among the slaves was encouraged because slave owners believed it would keep the slaves from running away if they had a loved on or family. Slave houses were wooden shacks with dirt floors and only one room. One to two families lived in these houses. The beds were straws and rags piled up on the ground. Slavery finally came to an end at the end of the Civil War. The north defeated the south, and slavery was abolished. All slaves were free, but some chose to stay with their masters because they had been treated well and had a home there. 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Framing Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Framing Theory - Research Paper Example The field of economics also widely applies the theory of framing. In general, framing can apply to any situation given that it involves the perception of a theory as portrayed by a given individual or group of individual (Laurah, 2012). The theory of framing has several sub-theories that clarify the variances present in its application. First of all, it has considerations in one of two ways. It is either considered as frames in thought or frames in communication. Its consideration as frames in thought consists of certain mental simplifications of reality, representations, and interpretations. On the other hand, when considered as frames in communication, framing consists of the communication frames between different actors. Another sub-theory of this concept is its view either as being negative or positive. In this view, the positivity or negativity depends more or less on the constituents of a given audience and the kind of information being passed to this audience (Judith, 2010). A further division of framing is it being viewed either as equivalence frames or emphasis frames. As equivalence frames, framing represents the logical equivalent alternatives that are portrayed in different ways. In this view, the information in the presentation is often based on the same fundamentals (Shanto, 1994). The frame, though, that is presented shifts with the result that a perception that is dependent on the reference is created. On the other hand, having emphasis frames simplify reality with a focus on a given subset of the aspect relevant to the prevailing situation. These theories and sub-theories have daily applications whereby the same basis of facts is often used to portray different perspectives of a given phenomenon. For example, one may be quoted and their information interpreted in very many different ways thus yielding different frames to different people. Beside the information being received by the audience, members of the audience also receive the